The human brain is a marvel of complexity. It accommodates specialized and interconnected structures that control our thoughts, personality, and behavior.
The size and shape of our brains also play a very important role in cognitive function and mental health. For example, a rather smaller hippocampus is the structure answerable for memory and controlling emotions Commonly seen in depression. In dementia, atrophy of the hippocampus Related to memory loss. and cognitive decline.
Despite these insights, we've only scratched the surface of our understanding of the brain and its relationship to mental health.
Together with scientists from world wide, we've conducted the world's largest genetic study of regional brain structure volume. This study is now Published in Nature Genetics..
We discovered tons of of genetic variants that affect the dimensions of structures corresponding to the amygdala (the “processing center” for emotion), the hippocampus and the thalamus (involved in movement and sensory signals).
We uncovered a possible overlap with genes known to influence the chance of certain developmental, psychiatric and neurological disorders.
Over 70,000 brains
To understand how the brain connects to mental health, scientists like us are engaged in large-scale scientific studies that span the globe.
These studies, involving hundreds of volunteers, are the muse of contemporary biomedical research. They help us discover genes related to brain size and mental health conditions. In turn, this may improve diagnostic accuracy and even pave the way in which. Personal medicinewhich uses an individual's genetic test results to tailor treatment.
We screened DNA and scrutinized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of greater than 70,000 people in 19 countries. We desired to know if there are specific genetic variations that influence differences in brain size between people.
What we found was surprising. Some of those genes appear to act early in life, and lots of also increase the chance of conditions corresponding to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Parkinson's disease.
What did we discover out?
Mental health disorders are common, with an estimated 40 per cent of Australians experiencing a mental health disorder. Their lives.
Our genetic findings show that larger regional brain volumes (the dimensions of specific brain regions) are related to the next risk of Parkinson's disease. In contrast, smaller regional brain volumes are statistically related to the next risk of ADHD.
This insight suggests that genetic influences on brain size are fundamental to understanding the origins of mental health disorders. And understanding these genetic links is crucial. It shows how our genes can affect brain development and the chance of mental health conditions.
By investigating common genetic causes, we may sooner or later develop treatments that address multiple conditions concurrently, providing more practical support for individuals with different conditions. This is especially necessary in mental health, where it's common for somebody to experience multiple disorders at the identical time.
Our study also revealed that genetic influences on brain structure are similar in people of each European and non-European ancestry. This suggests that some genetic aspects have stuck around throughout human evolution.
Filling the gap
Our research also underpins the usage of genetic data to develop statistical models that predict disease risk based on an individual's genetic profile.
These developments may lead to population screening, identifying those at high risk for specific mental health disorders. Early intervention can then help prevent or delay the onset of those conditions.
In the longer term, we aim to bridge the gap between genetics, neuroscience and medicine. This integration will help scientists answer necessary questions on how genetic influences on brain structure influence behavior and disease outcomes.
Understanding the genetics of brain structure and susceptibility to mental health may help us prevent, diagnose, and treat these conditions.
The concept of “human brain” was first introduced Ancient Greece around 335 BC. Philosopher Aristotle called it a radiator that stops the center from overheating. Although we now know that Aristotle was flawed, the complexities of the brain and its links to mental health remain largely mysterious today.
As we proceed to unravel the genetic secrets of the brain, we come closer to uncovering these mysteries. This form of research has the potential to alter our understanding and treatment of mental health.